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Wednesday, November 7, 2012

The Geopolitical-Economic Cycles

As different colonies became freelancer though, Ratzel observed that nascent states underwent several stages of development on their bearing to mature nationhood. These phases included the following: cultural, nationalism, land, boundary, environment, sum upation, rivalry, and comparison. Indeed, Ratzel believed that the spatial expansion of states undeni up to(p) both the growth of their population and the development of culture. This may indeed be followed by the annexation of smaller policy-making entities into a larger whole defined by a fringy boundary. As a nation's growth and development continues, the state begins to stress towards the enhancement of its get welf ar. Eventually, however, the entire process is acted upon by out-of-door forces. Often rivalries will develop as different states annex their surrounding areas. Indeed, Ratzel compared nations to living organisms. He believed that, in some ways, the political growth and development of states paralleled biological growth and development.

In the ongoing world geopolitical order such processes may immediately be occurring. However, they do not result from colonialism, but sooner come as a consequence of the Soviet Union's demise. In December of 1991, the " top executivey political monolith" of the U.S.S.R. was replaced by fifteen different sovereign states (Mandelbaum 1). Presently, these states are in the process of determining who they are


Obviously, the Heartland-Rimland hypotheses are most germane(predicate) to Cold War geopolitics. However, since the Soviet Union no continuing exists, more complicated regional geographic models are indispensable to describe current global politics. One such model, proposed by Haushofer in 1921, may still have some applicability today. Haushofer saw the world as divided up into pan-regions: Pan-America; Eurafrica; Pan-Russia; and the einsteinium Asian Co-Prosperity sphere. Moreover, he postulated that these regions occurred as distinct economic entities key by tariff barriers.

Nye, J. S., Jr. Bound to Lead: The changing Nature of American Power.
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New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1990.

A terzetto component of geopolitical thinking consists of heartland theory. Sir Halford Mackinder (1904) called the Eurasian steppe the "heartland of the world (Malik 1)." Moreover, he believed that through a domino effect, control over this heartland might give a state the capacity for world domination. In 1919, Mackinder used such arguments to address a German brat to the Heartland. More recently, the heartland has been subject to control by the former U.S.S.R. This has devoted rise to a Heartland-Rimland hypothesis concerning world geopolitics. Essentially, the former U.S.S.R. was viewed as a land power which was separated from a sea-power (i.e., the U.S.) by a contact zone, or rimland. This rimland could be seen to include Europe, Saudi-Arabian Arabia, India, China, and Siberia.

and what their identity is. Only then will they be able to define their own strategic national interests. In fact, with the blockade of the Cold War, even some established nations need to re-evaluate their own national interests (Fuller 129). Such analyses will most certainly delineate the world's future international relationships.


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