Dictatorship Definition Essay Example for Free

Dictatorship Definition EssayDictatorship as a form of authorities is not new. It was a recognised institution in the republican Rome where normally the authority of political sympathies was vested in two presidents called Consuls.In quantifys of emergency the Romans used to appoint a Director to supercede the Consuls, granting him supreme authoritys to meet the crisis.But Roman dictatorship was a temporary expedient to meet a crisis and was discarded when the crisis was past. Moreover, the dictator was selected by a legal process with the obligation to submit his use of power to the scrutiny of the permanent authority. The Roman dictatorship was, therefore, a constitutional device under which the constitution was hang during a grave crisis of the State.This description of dictatorship does not apply to the modem dictators of former Soviet Russia, Italy, Germany and some new(prenominal) countries. Modem dictators are not selected by a legal process for a limited period of time in order to steer the State through a national emergency. They come into power as a result of a coup detat.Force is the criterion of their political authority and they breathe in power as long as force can retain them. They are answerable to no authority except to themselves. The whole authority of the State is vested in one individual soulfulness and he personifies the State.Some writers are of the opinion that the Russian dictatorship was the dictatorship of a party eyepatch in Germany and Italy it was the dictatorship of individuals. But Nazism in Germany and Fascism in Italy were also the rule of a party, though they remained all through overshadowed by a single personality just as Bolshevism was in the days of Lenin and Stalin.Till yesterday, Khrushchevs personality loomed large on the political horizon. In fact, no government, as Maclver has sh ingest, is ever actually in the hands of a single individual.If there is a single seemingly supreme ruler, he inevitably res ts his power on the active support of an associated class. He rules in its interests no less than with its cooperation. He nearly always has a council of advisers who represent that class.Hitler and Mussolini were leaders of the Nazi and Fascist parties. They selected their ministers from the ranks of their own parties in order to pursue the ends of their respective parties. There is, accordingly, no difference between the Russian fount of dictatorship and that of Central European countries.If there was any, it was only one of degree rather than of kind. In USSR it was very a triple dictatorshipthat of the Communist Party as regards the mass of citizens, that of the inner group as regards the rest of the Party, and that of the leader as regards inner group, party and the nation.